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To test predictions for the structural correlate of such a stinging device we studied the structure and formation of chaetae in the fireworm <jats:italic>Eurythoe complanata<\/jats:italic> (Amphinomida). Neither the structure of the chaetae nor their formation and their position within the parapodium provide evidence for their function as hollow needles to inject poison. The chaetae even turned out to be not hollow, but containing calcareous depositions. The latter most likely cause artificial ruptures of delicate chitin lamellae in the inner of the chaeta when treated with acidic fixatives. Inorganic calcium compounds harden the chaetae and make them brittle so that they break easily. Additional information on the structure of the chaetal sac, the site of formation and the acicula do not contradict the position of the Amphinomida within Annelida as revealed by phylogenomic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T03:46:41Z","timestamp":1490845601000},"page":"865-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Getting to the root of fireworms' stinging chaetae\u2014chaetal arrangement and ultrastructure of <i>Eurythoe complanata<\/i> (Pallas, 1766) (Amphinomida)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"278","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekin","family":"Tilic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t Bonn An der Immenburg 1 Bonn 53121 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t Bonn An der Immenburg 1 Bonn 53121 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bartolomaeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universit\u00e4t Bonn An der Immenburg 1 Bonn 53121 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-009-1296-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"On the ultrastructure of the cuticle, the epidermis and the gills of Sternaspis scutata (Annelida)","volume":"7","author":"Bartolomaeus T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microfauna Marina"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Chaetogenesis in polychaetous Annelida: Significance for annelid systematics and the position of the Pogonophora","volume":"100","author":"Bartolomaeus T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0044-5231-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3226899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00166-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2012.00529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zsc.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00335480"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Cutaneous hazards of the coast","volume":"9","author":"Burke W. 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