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However, a better controlled test of specialization to medium is to compare adult stages of terrestrial frogs with those that remain fully aquatic as adults. The Ceratophryidae is a monophyletic group of neotropical frogs whose diversification from a common terrestrial ancestor gave rise to both terrestrial (<jats:italic>Ceratophrys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chacophrys<\/jats:italic>) and aquatic (<jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus<\/jats:italic>) adults. So, ceratophryids represent an excellent model to analyze the morphology and possible changes related to a secondary aquatic life. We describe the histomorphology of the nose during the ontogeny of the Ceratophryidae, paying particular attention to the condition in adult stages of the recessus olfactorius (a small area of olfactory epithelium that appears to be used for aquatic olfaction) and the eminentia olfactoria (a raised ridge on the floor of the principal cavity correlated with terrestrial olfaction). The species examined (<jats:italic>Ceratophrys cranwelli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chacophrys pierottii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus laevis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L. llanensis<\/jats:italic>) share a common larval olfactory organ composed by the principal cavity, the vomeronasal organ and the lateral appendix. At postmetamorphic stages, ceratophryids present a common morphology of the nose with the principal, middle, and inferior cavities with characteristics similar to other neobatrachians at the end of metamorphosis. However, in advanced adult stages, <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus laevis<\/jats:italic> presents a recessus olfactorius with a heightened (peramorphic) development and a rudimentary (paedomorphic) eminentia olfactoria. Thus, the adult nose in <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus laevis<\/jats:italic> arises from a common developmental \u2018terrestrial\u2019 pathway up to postmetamorphic stages, when its ontogeny leads to a distinctive morphology related to the evolutionarily derived, secondarily aquatic life of adults of this lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T07:09:47Z","timestamp":1506409787000},"page":"37-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The ontogeny of the olfactory system in ceratophryid frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3930-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia I.","family":"Quinzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio y GeoCiencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico CONICET \u0336 Salta. 9 de Julio 14. 4405. Rosario de Lerma Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"The nasal organ of Pipa americana","volume":"27","author":"Bancroft I. 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