{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:38:03Z","timestamp":1769557083455,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG RU 1496\/4\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG RU 1496\/4\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anterior anchoring of the malleus of 30 extant species of Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas) has been studied on the basis of histological serial sections and \u00b5CT\u2010scans. It is shown that former studies of <jats:italic>Oryctolagus, Lepus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ochotona<\/jats:italic> are incomplete, because the rostral part of the processus anterior of the malleus is always lacking due to damage of this extremely delicate structure. Our study shows that in perinatal stages of Leporidae the praearticulare develops a prominent processus internus that fits into a groove at the ventral side of the tegmen tympani; this \u201ctongue and groove\u201d\u2010arrangement may act as a hinge. In adult stages, the rostral end of the praearticulare fuses synostotically with the medial process of the ectotympanic. Torsional strain produced by rotation around the axis of the middle ear ossicles at sound transmission must, therefore, be experienced by the extremely thin but highly elastic bony pedicle of the processus internus praearticularis. The free ending processus anterior of a late fetal <jats:italic>Ochotona<\/jats:italic> shows a short processus internus praearticularis, which does not articulate with the tegmen tympani. During postnatal development the middle ear of <jats:italic>Ochotona<\/jats:italic> becomes considerably remodelled: not only does excessive pneumatization of the tegmen tympani and tympanic cavity wall occur, but the short processus anterior is fused synostotically to a bone trabecula of the tegmen tympani meshwork. The thin and elastic bone bridges are not equivalent in Leporidae and Ochotonidae, that is, they must have evolved convergently. Fleischer's classification with <jats:italic>Oryctolagus<\/jats:italic> possessing a \u201cfreely mobile type\u201d of middle ear ossicles cannot be supported by our observations. The same holds true for <jats:italic>Ochotona<\/jats:italic>, which does not represent a \u201cfreely mobile type\u201d either. Thus, we suggest for the lagomorph middle ear ossicles a new category: the \u201cbone elasticity type.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1508928762000},"page":"132-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The anterior process of the malleus in extant Lagomorpha (Mammalia)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Evolution und \u00d6kologie, Eberhard\u2010Karls\u2010Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Abteilung Messelforschung und Mammalogie, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Tr\u00f6scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terrestrische Pal\u00e4oklimatologie, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, HEP T\u00fcbingen, Sigwartstrasse 10 72076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Messelforschung und Mammalogie, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02214337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"The auditory ossicles of American rodents","volume":"33","author":"Cockerell T. 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