{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:41:02Z","timestamp":1785375662802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000076","name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1611752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1611752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000154","name":"Division of Integrative Organismal Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1350346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1350346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000089","name":"Office of International Science and Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1157779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1157779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011084","name":"Sigma Xi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G20111015158047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G20111015158047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the benefit of the tympanic middle ear to airborne hearing sensitivity, anurans range in how soon they develop functional middle ears after transitioning to life on land. Previous evidence suggested that bufonids had particularly slow middle ear developmental rates, but precise timelines have not yet been published for this family. Here, we provide the first age\u2010verified middle ear development timeline for a true toad species (family Bufonidae). We find that although middle ear development begins during metamorphosis in <jats:italic>Rhinella horribilis<\/jats:italic>, the middle ear remains incomplete 15\u2009weeks after the transition from aquatic tadpole to land\u2010dwelling toadlet. Using this new middle ear timeline, we discuss commonalities and differences in middle ear development among bufonids, as well as among Anura.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T10:37:39Z","timestamp":1535452659000},"page":"1518-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prolonged middle ear development in <i>Rhinella horribilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly C.","family":"Womack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Stynoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"},{"name":"Instituto Clodomiro Picado Universidad de Costa Rica  San Jos\u00e9 Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith K.","family":"Voyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Jambatu de Investigaci\u00f3n y Conservaci\u00f3n de Anfibios Fundaci\u00f3n Otonga  San Rafael, Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Hoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Architecture: Cranial and axial musculoskeleton","author":"Cannatella D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1563611"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification","volume":"16","author":"Gosner K. 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