{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:37:18Z","timestamp":1775273838533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The scorpionfly genus <jats:italic>Cerapanorpa<\/jats:italic> is characterized by the male possessing a single finger\u2010like anal horn on the posterior portion of tergite VI. However, the functional morphology of this anal horn and the genitalia have not been studied to date. Herein, we investigated the functional morphology of the genitalia and the nongenital structures of the scorpionfly <jats:italic>Cerapanorpa dubia<\/jats:italic> by observing the mating process and dissecting the freeze\u2010fixated pairs in copula to reveal the copulatory mechanism. The male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. dubia<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> provides a solid salivary mass to the female as a nuptial gift prior to copulation. When the female starts to feed on the gift, the male uses his notal organ and complex genital structures to control the closest wing and genitalia of the female to establish a V\u2010shaped mating position. In the maintenance phase of copulation, the male uses his anal horn in cooperation with the basally\u2010constricted abdominal segment VII to clamp female abdominal segment VIII. The male hypovalves grasp female cerci, and move up and down rhythmically. The paired parameres clasp both sides of female tergite IX. The basal processes on male gonostyli grip the pleural membranes of the female genital chamber. In the sperm transfer phase, the male aedeagus directly couples with the female medigynium to transmit sperm by connecting his phallotreme to the female's copulatory pore. The evolution of the male complex grasping structures in Panorpidae is also briefly discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T18:56:09Z","timestamp":1538765769000},"page":"1532-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Copulatory mechanism and functional morphology of genitalia and anal horn of the scorpionfly <i>Cerapanorpa dubia<\/i> (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-7247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao\u2010Zhen","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The evolution of genitalia and mating behavior in crickets (Gryllidae) and other Orthoptera","volume":"133","author":"Alexander R. 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