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In this study, we quantify the species\u2010specific variability in size and shape of the lacrimal facial facet in species of Cervidae (deer) and relate it to systematics and various aspects of their ecology and behavior. We sampled 143 skull specimens from 10 genera; 12 <jats:italic>Moschus<\/jats:italic> and 3 <jats:italic>Tragulus<\/jats:italic> specimens were used as outgroups. We find that size and shape of the lacrimal facial facet allow differentiating most species analyzed here, except for <jats:italic>Mazama gouazoubira<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Capreolus capreolus<\/jats:italic>. Size and shape of the lacrimal facial facet vary widely across Cervidae regardless of their systematic relationships, ecology or behavior. Thus, we could not detect a unique signature of adaptational criteria in lacrimal morphology. Our data indicate that the lacrimal facial facet scales allometrically with skull size, in particular, the lacrimojugal length scales positively and the lacrimomaxillar length scales negatively. However, correlation analyses did not reveal any differences in the integration of the lacrimal bone with any specific skull module in any of the species compared. Lastly, we could not ascertain any correlation between the size and position of the preorbital depression with the size and shape of the lacrimal facial facet. We conclude that the lacrimal facial facet is highly flexible and may rapidly adjust to its surrounding bones. Its allometric growth appears to be an example of exaptation: changes in size and shape in the context of the increase of the skull length provide lacrimal contacts, in particular, a lacrimojugal one, which may serve to reduce mechanical loads resulting from increasingly larger antlers in large cervids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T18:28:12Z","timestamp":1558031292000},"page":"1071-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Variability, morphometrics, and co\u2010variation of the <i>os lacrimale<\/i> in Cervidae"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"280","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann\u2010Marie","family":"Schilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SNSB\u2010Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Palaeontology &amp; Geobiology, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"Calder\u00f3n\u2010Capote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biology II Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Martinsried"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrud E.","family":"R\u00f6ssner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SNSB\u2010Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Palaeontology &amp; Geobiology, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-011-9176-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Musculature of facial scent glands in the muntjac","volume":"122","author":"Barrette C.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1977.tb00994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/285565a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Red deer: Behavior and ecology of two sexes","author":"Clutton\u2010Brock T. 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