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Most ceratophryids inhabit semiarid environments, but three species of <jats:italic>Ceratophrys<\/jats:italic> occupy tropical or temperate humid areas. Several morphological and behavioral characters of larvae and adults are conserved across the family. Based on examination of specimens and accounts in the literature, the embryonic development of <jats:italic>C. ornata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. cranwelli<\/jats:italic>, and the monotypic genus <jats:italic>Chacophrys<\/jats:italic> are described and compared with that of species of <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus<\/jats:italic>. Ceratophryid embryos share a suite of morphological features and heterochronic shifts during development. Most features, such as gill structure, ciliation, early hatching, and precocious differentiation of the gut and hind limbs, are shared by all the species regardless the differences in the habitats that occupy. This is consistent with previous observations of some adult characters, and likely supports the hypothesis of an early diversification of ceratophryids in semiarid environments. Other embryonic features, such as the morphology and ontogeny of the oral disc and digestive tract, are correlated with larval feeding habits and vary within the family. The evolutionary and ecological significance of some conserved characters (e.g., gastrulation pattern, Type\u2010A adhesive glands) and other taxon\u2010specific features (e.g., nasal appendix) remain to be explored in the group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T08:55:46Z","timestamp":1573289746000},"page":"17-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Embryonic ontogeny of three species of Horned Frogs, with a review of early development in Ceratophryidae"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1897-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimena","family":"Grosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET\u2010FML)  San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical (IBS, CONICET\u2010UNaM), Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de Misiones  Posadas Misiones Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Salgado","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP\u2010CONICET), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional La Plata  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo S.","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP\u2010CONICET), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional La Plata  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia Vera","family":"Candioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET\u2010FML)  San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300006588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"A primer for the morphology of anuran tadpoles","volume":"2","author":"Altig R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1655\/06-005.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Consideraciones sobre comportamiento y \u201cgrito agresivo\u201d propio de algunas especies de Ceratophrynidae (Anura)","volume":"24","author":"Barrio A.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Physis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1643\/0045-8511(2002)002[0180:EPODIS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Amphibians of Argentina","volume":"2","author":"Cei J. 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