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In anurans, metamorphosis fails when the thyroid gland is absent or inactivated, resulting in giant tadpoles. Larval gigantism occurs naturally in neotropical frogs of the genus <jats:italic>Pseudis<\/jats:italic> as a result of a prolonged larval period. Its thyroid function is poorly investigated and the focus of this study. We describe qualitative and quantitative variations in larval development for field\u2010captured specimens of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pseudis platensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and compare those to the development of two sympatric species, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Phyllomedusa sauvagii<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>Pithecopus azureus<\/jats:italic>, which have small tadpoles and a shorter larval period. We describe morphological changes in the thyroid glands of larval and adult specimens. In contrast to other species with similar ecological requirements, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>platensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> exhibits distinct glandular activity. During premetamorphosis, there was little or no thyroid activity, a period in which the tadpole reached 70% of its maximum size. Development and degree of activity of the thyroid gland determine the duration of the early stages of the larval period. Thyroid gland histology in tadpoles appears to correlate with the TH activity, and in turn with the diversity in anuran life history transitions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T04:36:31Z","timestamp":1574483791000},"page":"122-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Histology and microscopic anatomy of the thyroid gland during the larval development of <scp><i>Pseudis platensis<\/i><\/scp> (Anura, Hylidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3425-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA CCT CONICET Salta\u2010Jujuy  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Fabrezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA CCT CONICET Salta\u2010Jujuy  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1400240303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.2316-9079.v1i2p97-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00233-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(68)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas socioeconomicas del sitio piloto Chaco semi\u00e1rido Salta del observatorio nacional de degradaci\u00f3n de tierras y desertificaci\u00f3n (ONDTyD)","volume":"28","author":"C\u00f3rdoba G. 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