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The objective of this work was to describe the morphology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium of the bloodfin tetra, <jats:italic>Aphyocharax anisitsi.<\/jats:italic> This is the first complete description including the anatomy, histology, and immunohistochemistry of the peripheral olfactory organ from a Characiformes. Based on the external morphology of the olfactory organ, <jats:italic>A. anisitsi<\/jats:italic> was classified as a ditermous species, with an olfactory cavity containing two openings divided by a skin flap that separates the anterior and posterior nostril. This species belongs to the group of isosmates, since the presence of accessory olfactory sacs was not observed, and non\u2010sensory ciliated cells were identified. <jats:italic>A. anisitsi<\/jats:italic> has an olfactory rosette with an arrow\u2010shaped arrangement, with differences in length between the anterior and posterior lamellae. In the olfactory epithelium, three types of olfactory receptor neurons were identified using histology and confirmed by immunohistochemistry, that is, ciliated olfactory receptor neurons in the basal region of the epithelium, microvillar olfactory receptor neurons in the middle region; and Crypt cells, in smaller numbers compared to the other neuronal types, present in the apical region. Sensory and non\u2010sensory areas were scattered and mixed along the lamellar lateral surface but the nasal cavity and the midline raphe lacked olfactory receptor neurons. The presence of abundant kinocilia in the non\u2010sensory cells could be related in <jats:italic>A. anisitsi<\/jats:italic> with ventilation and quality control of water entering the olfactory cavity. The spatial organization of the sensory and non\u2010sensory areas in <jats:italic>A. anisitsi<\/jats:italic> was similar to that observed in other species that also inhabit still and slow\u2010flowing bodies of water with high\u2010density vegetation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T17:19:45Z","timestamp":1592673585000},"page":"986-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphology and immunohistochemistry of the olfactory organ in the bloodfin tetra, <scp><i>Aphyocharax anisitsi<\/i><\/scp> (Ostariophysi: Characidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Pintos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rincon\u2010Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias","family":"Pandolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea G.","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Alonso F.(2016).Integrando anatom\u00eda y comportamiento de la familia Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) en un contexto filogen\u00e9tico (Doctoral dissertation) Universidad de Buenos Aires. 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