{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:23:13Z","timestamp":1747149793996,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The esophageal pouches of <jats:italic>Chaetopleura angulata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acanthochitona fascicularis<\/jats:italic> were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. These pouches linked to the posterior region of the esophagus are known as sugar glands as they contain a fluid rich in polysaccharide digesting enzymes. They are the second largest glands in the digestive system of chitons, just after the digestive gland. In both species, the pouches contain a dense array of finger\u2010shaped villi. The villi epithelium includes absorptive cells, basophilic secretory cells, mucus\u2010secreting cells, and basal cells. Some absorptive cells were bordered by a dense cover of long microvilli, whereas other absorptive cells had short and sparse microvilli. Absorptive cells contain several lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, a few small Golgi stacks, some lipid droplets, and large amounts of glycogen. The basophilic secretory cells are characterized by the presence of many electron\u2010dense vesicles, with a glycoprotein content, a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and a highly developed Golgi apparatus. Mucus\u2010secreting cells are characterized by large vesicles containing acid polysaccharides and wide Golgi stacks. Basal cells that were found at the base of the epithelium in contact with the basal lamina exhibit histological and ultrastructural features of enteroendocrine cells. We suggest that these glandular pouches are involved in extracellular and intracellular digestion, and accumulate lipid and glycogen reserves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T16:34:26Z","timestamp":1607963666000},"page":"355-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functional morphology of the glandular esophageal pouches of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Lobo\u2010da\u2010Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR)  Matosinhos Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Lusofona University  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90110-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eyi036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Advanced Topics in Biomineralization","author":"Brooker L. 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