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Each of the several dozen muscles has a flared proximal end that adheres tightly to its pigmented sacculus and an extremely elongated distal end which branches into single fibrils that anchor into the dermis. This geometry provides ample opportunity for overlap of the many muscles from neighboring chromatophores. The temporal activity of these muscles has been believed to be patterned exclusively by monosynaptic projections from sets of efferent motor axons originating in the chromatophore lobes of the suboesophageal brain. Based on historical observations that distal radial muscles from some chromatophores appear to extend closely to muscles from other chromatophores, we asked whether radial muscles actually make specialized contacts. Using 3D electron microscopy of <jats:italic>Doryteuthis pealeii<\/jats:italic> mantle skin, we discovered tight putatively functional muscle\u2010to\u2010muscle contacts between radial muscles from different chromatophores, including elaborate sets of axonal processes located adjacent to those myo\u2013myo junctions. These detailed ultrastructural findings demonstrate auxiliary anatomical routes for radial muscle activation and suggest plausible mechanisms whereby local physical synchronization and axo\u2010axonic processing in the periphery can contribute to chromatophore pattern dynamics such as \u201cpassing cloud.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T06:58:05Z","timestamp":1621234685000},"page":"1245-1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Networks of linked radial muscles could influence dynamic skin patterning of squid chromatophores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Senft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Laboratory  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Kuzirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Laboratory  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger T.","family":"Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Laboratory  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00340786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ivb.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(80)90013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20136890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927610055170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90390-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(66)90189-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00297991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01918799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Recherches sur la peau des c\u00e9phalopodes","volume":"1","author":"Girod P.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"The functional organization of chromatophores and iridescent cells in the body patterning of Loligo plei (Cephalopoda: Myopsida)","volume":"23","author":"Hanlon R. 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