{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:57:41Z","timestamp":1753869461494,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The microvascular anatomy of choriocapillaris, iris, ciliary body, and superficial vascular hyaloid system of eyes was studied in the permanent aquatic <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic> by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts and was compared with that published in two semiaquatic ranid species (<jats:italic>Rana esculenta<\/jats:italic>\u00a0and\u00a0<jats:italic>Rana temporaria)<\/jats:italic>, and the urodelian species <jats:italic>Triturus criststus carnifex<\/jats:italic>. Results showed that the choriocapillaris in <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> consisted of a dense meshwork of wide capillaries displaying polygonal arrays at the scleral side with venules leaving the centers and arterioles supplied from the periphery. The choriocapillaris lacked the multilayered capillary meshwork described in ranids. Iris and ciliary body were supplied by nasal and temporal branches of the iridial artery, which either originated with a common stem from the hyaloid artery or arose as individual vessels from the proximal portions of the semicircular nasal and temporal branches of the hyaloid artery. These branches ran in the pupillary margin and supplied the two\u2010dimensional capillary network of the iris, as well as the three\u2010dimensional network of the ciliary body. Iris and ciliary body drained via parallel running vasa recta into the choriocapillaris. The superficial vascular hyaloid bed (system) was supplied by the hyaloid artery. This artery coursed along the scleral surface of the ventrotemporal choriocapillaris toward\u00a0the ora serrata, where it bifurcated into a temporal and a nasal semicircular branch. Seven to 10 arterial meridional twigs arose from these branches and supplied the superficial hyaloid capillary bed. Capillaries drained into branches of the hyaloid vein, which ascended toward\u00a0the ora serrata, where the hyaloid vein joined the temporal branch of the ciliary vein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T14:50:47Z","timestamp":1675176647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular microvasculature in adult <i>Xenopus laevis<\/i>: Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Alois","family":"Lametschwandtner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg Vascular Biology Research Unit Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Minnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg Vascular Biology Research Unit Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Arbeitsmethoden der makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Anatomie","year":"1964","author":"Adam H.","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Histoire Naturelle des Rainettes, des Grenouilles et des Crapauds","year":"1802","author":"Daudin E. 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