{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T16:21:31Z","timestamp":1778948491376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bryozoan colonies are composed of zooids, which can differ in structure and function. Autozooids supply heteromorphic zooids with nutrients, which are usually unable to feed. To date, the ultrastructure of the tissues providing nutrient transfer is almost unexplored. Here, we present a detailed description of the colonial system of integration (CSI) and the different types of pore plates in <jats:italic>Dendrobeania fruticosa<\/jats:italic>. All cells of the CSI are joined by tight junctions that isolate its lumen. The lumen of the CSI is not a single structure, but a dense network of small interstices filled with a heterogeneous matrix. In autozooids, the CSI is composed of two types of cells: elongated and stellate. Elongated cells form the central part of the CSI, including two main longitudinal cords and several main branches to the gut and pore plates. Stellate cells compose the peripheral part of the CSI, which is a delicate mesh starting from the central part and reaching various structures of autozooids. Autozooids have two tiny muscular funiculi, which start from the caecum apex and run to the basal wall. Each funiculus includes a central cord of extracellular matrix and two longitudinal muscle cells; together they are enveloped with a layer of cells. The rosette complexes of all types of pore plates in <jats:italic>D.\u00a0fruticosa<\/jats:italic> display a similar cellular composition: a cincture cell and a few special cells; limiting cells are absent. Special cells have bidirectional polarity in interautozooidal and avicularian pore plates. This is probably due to the need for bidirectional transport of nutrients during degeneration\u2013regeneration cycles. Cincture cells and epidermal cells of pore plates contain microtubules and inclusions resembling dense\u2010cored vesicles, which are typical of neurons. Probably, cincture cells are involved in the signal transduction from one zooid to another and can be a part of the colony\u2010wide nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T10:26:35Z","timestamp":1685096795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Colonial system of integration and communication pores in a polymorphic bryozoan <i>Dendrobeania fruticosa<\/i> (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"284","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1593-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Shunatova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology Saint\u2010Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. St. Peterburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Denisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology Saint\u2010Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. St. Peterburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei","family":"Shchenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology Saint\u2010Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. St. Peterburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Filippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology Saint\u2010Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. St. Peterburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051290203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Structure et gen\u00e8se des diaphragmes autozo\u00e9ciaux chez Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams) (Bryozoaire Ct\u00e9nostome, V\u00e9sicularine)","volume":"96","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Histologie des bourgeons autozo\u00e9ciaux et gen\u00e8se de leurs diaphragmes chez Vesicularia spinosa (Linn\u00e9).(Bryozoaire Ct\u00e9nostome)","volume":"83","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Zoologique de France"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Histogen\u00e9se des diaphragmes septaux stoloniaux et valeurs des rosettes chez les v\u00e9sicularines (Bryozoaires, Ct\u00e9nostomes)","volume":"101","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cytologie des rosettes de Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams) (Bryozoaire, Ct\u00e9nostome, v\u00e9sicularine). Hypoth\u00e8se sur leur fonctionnement","volume":"104","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction \u00e0 l'histophysiologie des rosettes de Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams) (Bryozoaire Ct\u00e9nostome, V\u00e9sicularine). Les Ribonucldines","volume":"105","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Sur le calcaire des parois autozo\u00e9ciales d'Electra verticillata (Ell. et Sol.) Bryozoaire chilostome, Anasca. Notions pr\u00e9liminaires","volume":"109","author":"Bobin G.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-763150-9.50015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber Victorella und einige ihrer n\u00e4chsten Verwandten sowie \u00fcber die Bryozoenfauna des Ryck bei Greifswald","volume":"37","author":"Braem F.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Zoologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.48714","volume-title":"Contributions a l'histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires ectoproctes marins","author":"Calvet L.","year":"1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0469.1983.tb00286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-010-0113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2006)080[0049:MDOAAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Polyzoa from West Africa. The Malacostega. Part 1","volume":"16","author":"Cook P. L.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-020-00443-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.1053.65324"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ultrastructure of communication pore areas in two bryozoans","volume":"3","author":"Gordon D. P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Travaux et Documents des Laboratoires de G\u00e9ologie de Lyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-763150-9.50016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition: Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata","author":"Harmer S. F.","year":"1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Ctenostome bryozoans. Synopses of the British Fauna","volume":"33","author":"Hayward P. J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"In Linnean Society, London"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1988.tb00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1431069a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"783","volume-title":"The invertebrates. Smaller Coelomate groups","author":"Hyman L. H.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"398","volume-title":"Th\u00e8se: Sc. nat","author":"Joliet L.","year":"1877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-011-9513-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Lutaud G.(1961).Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du bourgeonnement et de la croissance des colonies chez Membranipora membranacea Linn\u00e9 Bryozoaire Chilostome(Doctoral dissertation Impr. m\u00e9dicale et scientif.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"410","article-title":"Sur la presence d'un muscle du caecum chez les bryozoaires chilostomes","volume":"87","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Zoologique de France"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Etude ultrastructurale du \u201cplexus colonial\u201d et recherche de connexions nerveuses interzoidiales chez le bryozoaire chilostome Electra pilosa (Linne)","volume":"20","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"\u00c9tude morphologique et ultrastructurale du funicule lacunaire chez le Bryozaire Chilostome Electra pilosa (Linn\u00e9)","volume":"23","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"La communaut\u00e9 des parois et les voies de l'unit\u00e9 physiologique de la colonie chez les Bryozoaires Eurystomes","volume":"107","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Zoologique de France"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Autozooid morphogenesis in anascan cheilostomates","volume":"1","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Treatise on invertebrates Palaeontology Part G: Bryozoa (revised)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"The organization of the mesenchymal tissues in a cheilostomate zooecium","volume":"1","author":"Lutaud G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France. Memoire Hors Serie, France"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros III. Boletins da faculdade de philosophia, sciencias e Letras, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"3","author":"Marcus E.","year":"1939","journal-title":"Zoologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"S\u00f4bre bryozoa do Brasil. Boletins da Faculdade de Philosophia, Sciencias e Letras, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"5","author":"Marcus E.","year":"1941","journal-title":"Zoologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Bryozoan evolution","author":"McKinney F. K.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Microscopic Anatomy Of Invertebrates","author":"Mukai H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"On the common nervous system (Kolonialnervensystem) of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa), exemplified in Serialaria coutinhii, n. sp","volume":"2","author":"M\u00fcller F.","year":"1861","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1979.tb00599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-019-0142-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Contribution a l'histoire des Bryozoaires","volume":"10","author":"Prouho H.","year":"1892","journal-title":"Archives de zoologie exp\u00e9rimentale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Reproduction of marine invertebrates: Echinoderms and Lophophorates","author":"Reed C. 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