{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:37Z","timestamp":1772118757619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among anurans, Bufonids are recognized for their retarded sex differentiation. However, few studies have addressed gonadal morphogenesis in this family. Here, we analyzed the early gonadogenesis in laboratory\u2010reared\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinella arenarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Few germ cells were identified in the genital ridge at Gosner stage 26. At metamorphosis, somatic cells and germ cells were observed in the outer region of the undifferentiated gonad, whereas the central region was occupied by stromal tissue. A cortico\u2010medullary organization was first recognized on Day 7 postmetamorphosis. The cortex was composed of germ cells and encompassing epithelial cells, whereas the medulla contained cells presumptively derived from the coelomic epithelium. Medullary somatic cells formed metameric knots along the length of the undifferentiated gonad. Consequently, a series of 12\u201314 gonomeres became recognizable externally. The first sign of ovarian differentiation was observed on Day 15 postmetamorphosis, when a cavity was formed within each gonomere. In contrast, testes were recognized by a uniform distribution of germ cells and intermingled somatic cells, as the division into cortex and medulla was lost. By Day 50 postmetamorphosis, the gonadal metameric organization was still apparent both in the ovaries and testes. Follicles containing diplotene oocytes were observed within the ovary. In the testis, an incipient lobular architecture was recognized without initiation of meiosis within the seminiferous cords. These observations reveal an extremely delayed gonadal development in\n                    <jats:italic>R. arenarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , not reported previously for other anuran species. In addition, the late differentiation of the gonads contrasted with the early appearance of follicles in the Bidder's organ. Lastly, we observed that delayed metamorphs exhibited an undifferentiated gonad, demonstrating that gonadogenesis in this species is more dependent on somatic development than on age.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T01:30:30Z","timestamp":1686965430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gonadal morphogenesis in the South American toad\n                    <i>Rhinella Arenarum<\/i>\n                    (Anura, Bufonidae) unveils an extremely delayed rate of sex differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Yanina G.","family":"Piazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecotoxicolog\u00eda Acu\u00e1tica, DBBE and IBBEA\u2010CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia C.","family":"Czuchlej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecotoxicolog\u00eda Acu\u00e1tica, DBBE and IBBEA\u2010CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, CONICET Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2010Salta Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Meijide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecotoxicolog\u00eda Acu\u00e1tica, DBBE and IBBEA\u2010CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Alexander Pyron R. &Wiens J. 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