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Previous studies that have reported the absence of spinal cord supports in caecilian amphibians were based on an incomplete survey. Here, we re\u2010examine the condition in caecilians using micro\u2010CT scans and histological sections of vertebrae. We find that spinal cord supports are widespread among caecilians, occurring at least in the atlas of most examined species. In caecilians, the supports are most prominent in the atlas and appear to form through the expansion of the perichondral ossification of the septal bundles, consistent with the condition observed in salamanders. The presence of spinal cord supports in caecilians requires a reassessment of current hypotheses regarding the evolution of this character in tetrapods and may help clarify the phylogeny of Lissamphibia. Variation within Gymnophiona may provide novel characters of use in caecilian systematics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T06:03:07Z","timestamp":1780898587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spinal Cord Supports in Caecilian Vertebrae and Their Significance for Amphibian Systematics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo Ot\u00e1vio","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herpetology Lab The Natural History Museum London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Vertebrados Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Amphibian Biology, Osteology","author":"Castanet J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"New Albanerpetontid Amphibians From the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England","volume":"48","author":"Gardner J. 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