{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1785305119333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Craniofacial growth determines the proper functional coordination of skeletal and soft tissue structures. Alterations related to size, volume, and other parameters may impair expected growth and function. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of volume\u2010reduced and volume\u2010enlarged tongue base on craniofacial skeletal growth. Three groups of Yucatan minipigs included control, 7\u20138\u2010month\u2010old (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098), half each sex; experimental volume\u2010reduction group treated by coblation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096), with concurrent left masseter volume\u2010reduction as well for later myoregeneration analysis; and experimental volume\u2010enlargement group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096), via diet\u2010induced obesity. Both experimental groups were 7\u20139\u2010month\u2010old same\u2010sex sibling pairs, half each sex. After cardiac perfusion fixation, the tongue and masseter were dissected, followed by soft tissue removal from each skull. Over 90 anatomic landmarks yielded 51 linear distances, and weights\/sizes\/volumes of the tongues and masseters were measured. All measured variables in controls were normalized for age prior to statistical analysis. One\u2010way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc and Pearson's correlations were used. The reduction group showed significantly smaller craniofacial skeletal and dental arch than controls. For instance, the midfacial width (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.042), maxillary inter\u2010canine width (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), and mandibular ramus height (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.035) were significantly reduced. The enlargement group also showed significantly decreased distances between sides compared to controls (i.e., inter\u2010canine width\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001, inter\u2010premolar width\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005, and inter\u2010molar width\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007). Strongest associations were found between the whole tongue and structures in the base of the skull of the reduction group, and between the tongue base volume and mandibular structures such as the mandibular ramus height (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.804,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016). In conclusion, volumetric alterations of the tongue base either enlargement or reduction significantly increase and decrease craniofacial growth. These findings may help clinicians to understand the potential mechanisms of disease in respiration and swallowing disorders induced by changes in soft tissue affecting the craniofacial skeleton.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:46:36Z","timestamp":1782974796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Volumetric Alterations of the Tongue Base on Craniofacial Growth in the Adult Minipig"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Amylia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris Haydee","family":"Rosero Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Design, and Applied Sciences Universidad Icesi Cali Valle del Cauca Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Veasna","family":"Simnhoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8233-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zi\u2010Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.102006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","volume":"2","author":"Dahlberg G.","year":"1940","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Dotiwala A. K. andN. S.Samra.2025. \u201cAnatomy Head and Neck Tongue.\u201d InStatPearls. Treasure Island (FL) Ineligible Companies. Disclosure: Navdeep Samra Declares No Relevant Financial Relationships With Ineligible Companies."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2026.106571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003284130-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623316642881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr1905w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03241-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2020.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.569904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-5406(97)70267-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.105021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2024.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2023.105845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","article-title":"Muscle Activity and Airflow Dynamics Upon Gradual Weight\u2010Gain Volumetric Enlargement or Acute Surgical Reduction of the Tongue Base During Chewing and Swallowing","author":"Rosero Salazar D. 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