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Recent studies have demonstrated previously unappreciated diversity in salamander feeding mechanisms, however, compared to mammals, and reptiles there is little data on the internal mechanical response of salamander skulls to feeding loads. In this study, we used data from microCT scans to compare skull osteology and jaw muscle architecture in an aquatic salamander (\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and a terrestrial salamander (\n                    <jats:italic>Salamandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with resulting three\u2010dimensional digital models and anatomical information used to carry out lever arm and finite element analyses to predict the mechanical behaviour of the skull under bite loads.\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salamandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibit markedly different skull osteology in terms of overall skull shape, bones composing the skull, and dentition. Contrary to our expectations,\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited both absolutely and relatively larger jaw muscles than\n                    <jats:italic>Salamandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    and produced higher bite forces, even when scaled to the same size. At life\u2010size, the skull of\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    featured higher peak stresses than that of\n                    <jats:italic>Salamandra;<\/jats:italic>\n                    however, when scaled to the same surface area: muscle force ratio, the skull of\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    featured lower peak stresses, suggesting its skull is stronger under biting loads than that of\n                    <jats:italic>Salamandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The skull of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    did exhibit more evenly distributed stress than that of\n                    <jats:italic>Necturus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting skull shape in the terrestrial taxon may more closely reflect adaptation to resist biting loads. Our finite element models demonstrate that the inclusion of sutures in our models resulted in increased peak stresses; however, in terms of other performance metrics the impact of sutures on model behaviour was complex. Our results suggest that jaw muscle size, bite force and skull strength in salamanders are being driven by multiple factors, and are not solely related to differences in habitat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T08:50:03Z","timestamp":1789894203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Morphology and Mechanics of Aquatic and Terrestrial Feeding Salamanders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2975-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia R. 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