{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:19:41Z","timestamp":1761513581578},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]],"date-time":"2015-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Molecular Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased levels of testosterone (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in children may be responsible for their early\/delayed puberty and obesity conditions. Therefore, multimode sensors based on carbon matrices, such as graphite, graphene, fullerene C<jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub> and multiwall carbon nanotubes modified with maltodextrin, were designed to assess reliably T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, DHT and E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in children saliva. The modes used for the assay of hormones were stochastic mode (for qualitative and quantitative determination of hormones) and differential pulse voltammetry mode (for quantitative determination of hormones). The advantage of this type of sensors, for hormone analysis, is their possibility to reach low concentration levels\u2014 are placed for children saliva under the detection limit of standard methods (e.g. ELISA used for the determination of these hormones in saliva). This made the multimode sensors an excellent tool for clinical analysis and especially for determination of substances of clinical importance in saliva samples. The proposed method is fast and simple, and no sampling of saliva is required. 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