{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:47:02Z","timestamp":1769633222937,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]],"date-time":"2003-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To design and implement a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence capable of performing three\u2010dimensional T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MRI on a 1.5\u2010T clinical scanner, and determine the optimal sequence parameters, both theoretically and experimentally, so that the energy deposition by the radiofrequency pulses in the sequence, measured as the specific absorption rate (SAR), does not exceed safety guidelines for imaging human subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three\u2010pulse cluster was pre\u2010encoded to a three\u2010dimensional gradient\u2010echo imaging sequence to create a three\u2010dimensional, T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MRI pulse sequence. Imaging experiments were performed on a GE clinical scanner with a custom\u2010built knee\u2010coil. We validated the performance of this sequence by imaging articular cartilage of a bovine patella and comparing T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> values measured by this sequence to those obtained with a previously tested two\u2010dimensional imaging sequence. Using a previously developed model for SAR calculation, the imaging parameters were adjusted such that the energy deposition by the radiofrequency pulses in the sequence did not exceed safety guidelines for imaging human subjects. The actual temperature increase due to the sequence was measured in a phantom by a MRI\u2010based temperature mapping technique. Following these experiments, the performance of this sequence was demonstrated in vivo by obtaining T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images of the knee joint of a healthy individual.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calculated T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> of articular cartilage in the specimen was similar for both and three\u2010dimensional and two\u2010dimensional methods (84 \u00b1 2 msec and 80 \u00b1 3 msec, respectively). The temperature increase in the phantom resulting from the sequence was 0.015\u00b0C, which is well below the established safety guidelines. Images of the human knee joint in vivo demonstrate a clear delineation of cartilage from surrounding tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed and implemented a three\u2010dimensional T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted pulse sequence on a 1.5\u2010T clinical scanner. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:730\u2013736. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,21]],"date-time":"2003-05-21T10:01:41Z","timestamp":1053511301000},"page":"730-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional T<sub>1\u03c1<\/sub>\u2010weighted MRI at 1.5 Tesla"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arijitt","family":"Borthakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wheaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridhar R.","family":"Charagundla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravinder R.","family":"Regatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarma V. 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