{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1791960441098,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]],"date-time":"2005-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate techniques for anatomical and physiological imaging of the intracranial optic nerve (ON), optic chiasm (OC), and optic tract (OT) at 3T with the aim of visualizing axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imaging was performed on a 3T scanner employing a custom\u2010designed head coil that consisted of a coil array with four coils (30 \u00d7 30 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Oblique fast spin echo (FSE) images, magnetization transfer (MT)\u2010enhanced 3D gradient\u2010echo (GRE) time\u2010of\u2010flight (TOF) images, and line scan diffusion images (LSDI) were obtained. Full diffusion tensor (DT) analysis was performed, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and fiber direction maps were obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FSE anatomic images were obtained with an in\u2010plane resolution of 0.39 \u00d7 0.52 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The in\u2010plane resolution of the MT and LSDI images was 0.78 \u00d7 0.78 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The OC, intracranial ON, and OT can be seen on these images. The dominant fiber orientations in the OC, ON, and OT, as derived from the DT images, are displayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that by using 3T and a custom\u2010designed, four\u2010channel head coil, it is possible to acquire high\u2010resolution anatomical and physiological images of the OC, ON, and OT. The pilot results presented here pave the way for imaging the anterior visual pathway in patients with MS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:302\u2013306. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]],"date-time":"2005-07-18T19:47:45Z","timestamp":1121716065000},"page":"302-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["High\u2010resolution anatomic, diffusion tensor, and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the optic chiasm at 3T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Vinogradov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Marquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy K.","family":"Vartanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan E.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Hackney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Lenkinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.5.562"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380317"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00273-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000450"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf087"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593226"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.6.9393194"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.5.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.3.8058919"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.182.2.1732968"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"1462","article-title":"Correlation of multiple sclerosis measures derived from T2\u2010weighted, T1\u2010weighted, magnetization transfer, and diffusion tensor MR imaging","volume":"22","author":"Iannucci G","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.3.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","unstructured":"Wheeler\u2010KingshottCAM TripA SymmsMR ParkerGJM BarkerGJ MillerDH.In vivo anisotropy and diffusivity of the optic nerve: pilot study. 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