{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:04:13Z","timestamp":1792735453071,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate manganese (Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>)\u2010enhanced MRI in a longitudinal study of normal and injured rat visual projections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI was performed 24 hours after unilateral intravitreal injection of MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (150 nmol) into adult Fischer rats that were divided into four groups: 1) controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 5), 2) dose\u2010response (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 10, 0.2\u2013200 nmol), 3) time\u2010response with repeated MRI during 24\u2013168 hours post injection (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 4), and 4) optic nerve crush (ONC) immediately preceding the MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> injection (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 7). Control and ONC animals were reinjected with MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 20 days after the first injection, and MRI was performed 24 hours later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the control group, the optic projection was visualized from the retina to the superior colliculus, with indications of transsynaptic transport to the cortex. There was a semilogarithmic relationship between the Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dose and Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> enhancement from 4 to 200 nmol, and the enhancement decayed gradually to 0 by 168 hours. No Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010enhanced signal was detected distal to the ON crush site. In the control group, similar enhancement was obtained after the first and second MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> injections, while in the ONC group the enhancement proximal to the crush site was reduced 20 days post lesion (20dpl).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010enhanced MRI is a viable method for temporospatial visualization of normal and injured ON in the adult rat. The observed reduction in the Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signal proximal to the ONC is probably a result of retrograde damage to the retinal ganglion cells, and not of Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> toxicity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T19:49:34Z","timestamp":1126640974000},"page":"492-500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Manganese\u2010enhanced MRI of the optic visual pathway and optic nerve injury in adult rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marte","family":"Thuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond E.","family":"Singstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Bugge","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Haraldseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Sandvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Brekken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(03)00027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1791","volume-title":"The central nervous system of vertebrates","author":"Voogd J","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Neuroscience","author":"Fitzpatric D","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901990402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(98)00008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00293-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00291-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(83)80048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199909000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.940"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91379-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00718-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00330-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"976","volume-title":"Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system","author":"Ramon y Cajal S","year":"1928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.043002.094946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007086004022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/12\/403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Vision and visual pathways. 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