{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:43:48Z","timestamp":1761155028158},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,12]],"date-time":"2007-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the imaging characteristics of the brain with respect to relaxation and susceptibility in Hallervorden\u2010Spatz syndrome (HSS), a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder (also referred to as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed 13 affected individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria for HSS. Clinically, the patients were divided into two groups: early\u2010childhood onset (age of onset before 10 years) and late\u2010childhood onset (age of onset after 10 years). MRI was performed on 1.5T MR equipment. The imaging protocol included spin\u2010echo (SE) T1\u2010weighted (T1W), turbo spin\u2010echo (TSE) T2W, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in all patients. Susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging (SWI) included a fast low\u2010angle shot (FLASH) sequence in 10 patients and a blood oxygen level\u2010dependent (BOLD) sequence in two patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All of the patients showed hyperintensity on T1WI and hypointensity on T2WI in the globus pallidi (GPs) bilaterally. Central or anteromedial hyperintensity was found in all but one patient. FLASH showed augmented hypointensity in 10 patients, and BOLD showed bilateral striatonigral abnormal pigmentation in two patients. MR spectroscopy (MRS) showed normal spectra in four patients, and a reduced NAA\/Cho ratio in two.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI showed prominent signal abnormalities in the GP bilaterally in HSS. T1WI showed hyperintensity in all cases of HSS in addition to the \u201ceye\u2010of\u2010the\u2010tiger\u201d sign on T2WI. SWI, FLASH, and BOLD demonstrated mineral deposition in the GP better than conventional imaging. Involvement of the striatonigral pathways was demonstrated for the first time on BOLD SWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]],"date-time":"2007-03-13T20:05:29Z","timestamp":1173816329000},"page":"715-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Relaxation and susceptibility MRI characteristics in Hallervorden\u2010Spatz syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sunali","family":"Vinod Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parayil Shankaran","family":"Bindu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivasankar","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peruvumba Narayan","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490310072012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02878455"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1296-479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.3.r00dc31895"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Detection of intracranial hemorrhage with susceptibility\u2010weighted MR sequences","volume":"20","author":"Liang L","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530240091029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00212-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(00)00273-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00253-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng572"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1995.tb12066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686761"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.2.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system","author":"Bradley WG","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588145"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199901)14:1<169::AID-MDS1033>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1995000200021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120525"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"833","volume-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine","author":"Atlas SW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10650"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.12.1172"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.3.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240519"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"1690","article-title":"Pantothenate kinase\u2010associated neurodegeneration: MR imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, and diffusion MR imaging findings","volume":"24","author":"Sener RN","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.20830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.20830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T04:11:25Z","timestamp":1697170285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.20830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.20830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.20830","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,12]]}}}