{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:21:24Z","timestamp":1790763684277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,26]],"date-time":"2008-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify microstructural abnormalities in the major association pathways of children affected by spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) and shunted hydrocephalus using whole\u2010brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The institutional review board approved this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)\u2010compliant study and written informed consent\/assent were obtained prior to the study. The 69 participants included 38 children with SBM and shunted hydrocephalus (age mean \u00b1 SD = 12.30 \u00b1 2.10 years; 22 boys; 10 left\u2010handed) and 31 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched normally\u2010developing children (11.56 \u00b1 2.72 years; 15 boys, four left\u2010handed). Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) was performed to delineate and quantify bilaterally four major association pathways (arcuate, inferior longitudinal, inferior frontooccipital, and uncinate fasciculi).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The group with SBM did not exhibit the pattern of age\u2010related decreases in the diffusivities observed in the controls. The transverse and axial diffusivities were significantly elevated in most of the white matter pathways of the participants with SBM. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in most of the association pathways. Many of the association pathways were not traceable in some participants with SBM compared to the controls at the selected FA thresholds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DTT revealed diffusion tensor characteristics of abnormal development (nonvisualization\/poor visualization of tracts, \u2193 FA, \u2191 diffusivities), impairment in myelination (\u2191 transverse diffusivity) as well as abnormalities in intrinsic axonal characteristics and extraaxonal\/extracellular space (\u2191 axial diffusivity) in the association pathways of the SBM children. The differences in the diffusion metrics observed in the children with SBM are suggestive of abnormal white matter development and persistent degeneration with increased age. J. Magn. Reson. 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