{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:47:13Z","timestamp":1792075633516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]],"date-time":"2008-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To show that cystic renal lesions that would otherwise meet criteria for simple cysts can demonstrate perceptible walls or increased wall thickness on MRI, sometimes causing these lesions to be \u201cupgraded.\u201d It was hypothesized that thickening of cyst walls on MRI can be artifactual, due to data truncation, applied filtering, and low signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>k\u2010Space data for a 4\u2010cm cyst were created in a 40\u2010cm field of view (FOV) (512 \u00d7 512 matrix). Additional data sets were created using the central 512 \u00d7 256 and 512 \u00d7 128 points. Noise was simulated so that the cyst SNR was approximately 7, 14, and 20, respectively. Actual wall thickness was set at 0.25 mm, and cyst:wall signal at 1:4. An inverse two\u2010dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) yielded simulated images. A Fermi filter was applied to reduce ringing. Images\/projections were examined for wall thickening. Seven patients with initially thick\u2010walled cysts on fat\u2010saturated spoiled gradient\u2010echo (FS\u2010SPGR) images were scanned with increasing resolution (256 \u00d7 128 and 256 \u00d7 256; four patients were also scanned with 512 \u00d7 512). Average wall thickness at each resolution was compared using a two\u2010tailed paired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulations showed apparent wall thickening at low resolution, improving with higher resolutions. Low SNR and application of the Fermi filter made it difficult to identify ringing as the cause of this thickening. The simulation results were confirmed on seven patients, whose cyst walls proved to be artifactually thickened (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thickening of cyst walls on MRI can be artifactual. Upon encountering thick\u2010walled cystic renal lesions, high\u2010resolution images can be acquired to exclude apparent thickening. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28103\u2013110. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]],"date-time":"2008-06-25T13:39:00Z","timestamp":1214401140000},"page":"103-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Apparent wall thickening of cystic renal lesions on MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gulani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroja","family":"Adusumilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hero K.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto L.","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac R.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Cystic tumors of the kidney in adults: radio\u2010histopathologic correlations","volume":"80","author":"Levy P","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2000.1.2.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(86)90109-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.158.1.3510019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(03)00019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312031025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2362040218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.6.10350279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02924597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.3.9275903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64883-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00482-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.3.1810627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.24si045515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"914","volume-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging: physical principles and sequence design","author":"Haacke EM","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Principles of magnetic resonance imaging: a signal processing perspective","author":"Liang Z\u2010P","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.6.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910020602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(89)90045-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880010619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.141649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Constrained reconstruction methods in MR imaging","volume":"4","author":"Liang Z\u2010P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2261011704"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.21376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.21376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T23:52:47Z","timestamp":1697500367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.21376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.21376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21376","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]]}}}