{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1770434869457,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]],"date-time":"2008-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report our initial experience implementing a noncontrast\u2010enhanced electrocardiograph (ECG) gated fast spin echo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique for assessment of the calf arteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noncontrast MRA images of 36 clinical patients examined over a 6\u2010month period were evaluated by two radiologists for length and degree of stenosis of arterial segments. Diagnostic confidence in the technique was also recorded. The reference standard was a consensus reading by both radiologists using the noncontrast technique combined with two gadolinium\u2010enhanced techniques: bolus\u2010chase and time\u2010resolved imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For stenosis evaluation the noncontrast technique demonstrated accuracy 79.4% (1083\/1364), sensitivity 85.4% (437\/512), and specificity 75.8% (646\/852). The sequence demonstrated high negative predictive value (92.3%, 646\/700). The technique had serious artifacts leading to poor diagnostic confidence in 17 patients (47.2%). These included motion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) and artifacts specific to the sequence, including inaccurate trigger delays (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), linear artifact (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7), and vessel blurring (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5). When only patients in whom there was satisfactory diagnostic confidence were considered, accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value were 92.2% (661\/717), 92.4% (158\/171), and 97.5% (503\/516), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that when technically successful, noncontrast\u2010enhanced MRA using ECG\u2010gated fast spin echo can provide accurate imaging of the calf and pedal arteries. However, further development and optimization are needed to improve the robustness of the technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:181\u2013189. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]],"date-time":"2008-06-25T13:40:21Z","timestamp":1214401221000},"page":"181-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["3D nongadolinium\u2010enhanced ECG\u2010gated MRA of the distal lower extremities: Preliminary clinical experience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ruth P.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Babb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Oesingmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samson","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart E.","family":"Muhs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000128518.26834.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Dorsalis pedis, tarsal and plantar artery bypass","volume":"45","author":"Aulivola B","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.3.8497604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530110037032","article-title":"Multicenter trial to evaluate vascular magnetic resonance angiography of the lower extremity","volume":"274","author":"Baum RA","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.4.1741127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.1.r99ap1859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0455.2003.00044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2311020845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2352040089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1583\/03-1144.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.4.1791013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfk062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"Gadolinium\u2010containing contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Omniscan OptiMARK Magnevist ProHance and MultiHance. 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