{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:39:42Z","timestamp":1768469982346,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of the globus pallidus (GP) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) correlates with age, disease stage, and fatigue, using T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping to determine whether the mechanism of change is consistent with manganese deposition in the GP as suggested by previous reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 30 early\u2010stage PBC patients, four end\u2010stage PBC patients, and 14 female controls were recruited to age\u2010matched groups. MTR, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measurements were performed. A bilateral region of interest (ROI)\u2010based analysis was used to calculate GP MTR, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values. These were correlated with age, disease status, and fatigue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MTR measurements showed a significant, negative correlation with age for controls and early\u2010stage PBC patients, a positive correlation with T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and no correlation with T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. Only GP T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is significantly lower in early\u2010stage PBC patients than controls, while end\u2010stage patients demonstrated a simultaneous reduction in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and MTR, consistent with GP manganese deposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MTR measurements correlate with age in both early\u2010stage patient and control groups, but are not associated with manganese deposition or fatigue severity: only the end\u2010stage disease group shows changes in MTR, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> that are consistent with manganese deposition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:780\u2013784. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T21:21:53Z","timestamp":1237584113000},"page":"780-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Globus pallidus magnetization transfer ratio, T<sub>1<\/sub> and T<sub>2<\/sub> in primary biliary cirrhosis: Relationship with disease stage and age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kieren G.","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Aribisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Thelwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Blamire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00270-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80385-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000252629.96043.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80640-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i20.3039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00107.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70457-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92164-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2000.4068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.2.1410368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"333","article-title":"T1 and T2 alterations in the brains of patients with hepatic cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Vymazal J","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00111-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"652","article-title":"Magnetization transfer contrast of various regions of the brain in liver cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Iwasa M","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/135248506ms1301oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.016766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00064-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200006)11:6<586::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Lysolecithin\u2010induced demyelination in primates: preliminary in\u2010vivo study with MR and magnetization transfer","volume":"16","author":"Dousset V","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Age\u2010related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. 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