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Renal transplantation has emerged as the treatment of choice in this patient population, providing improved quality of life and lower healthcare costs compared with other treatment options. Imaging evaluation of a graft kidney plays a critical role in the postoperative care of the renal transplant patient. In the past, diagnostic evaluation of the transplant kidney has depended upon a combination of ultrasonography, computed tomography, MRI, and biopsy, used in conjunction with the patient's clinical presentation. However, new and developing advances in MR technology has lead to the development of MR Nephro\u2010Urography (MRNU), which provides both anatomic and functional evaluation of the kidney in a single examination. It is expected that the increasing use of MRNU will have a significant impact on the management of renal transplant patients. This review describes MRNU methodology, examines known posttransplant complications, and highlights the utility of MRNU as a comprehensive imaging examination to diagnose both surgical and medical complications of the transplant kidney. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:805\u2013822. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,27]],"date-time":"2008-09-27T00:56:52Z","timestamp":1222477012000},"page":"805-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Kidney transplantation: Structural and functional evaluation using MR Nephro\u2010Urography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bobby","family":"Kalb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Votaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","volume-title":"USRDS 2007 Annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end\u2010stage renal disease in the United States","author":"System USRD","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1482-3","article-title":"Complication rate and diagnostic yield of 515 consecutive ultrasound\u2010guided biopsies of renal allografts and native kidneys using a 14\u2010gauge Biopty gun","volume":"13","author":"Preda A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"501","article-title":"Multidetector CT\u2010urography in the study of urological complications in renal transplant","volume":"103","author":"Sciascia N","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiol Medica (Torino)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.20658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(02)03620-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300100992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200111000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"592","article-title":"[MR urography: technique and clinical application in patients with kidney transplantation]","volume":"38","author":"Zheng J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zhonghua wai ke za zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<357::AID-JMRI18>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(95)80025-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","first-page":"1819","article-title":"Radionuclide investigations of the urinary tract in the era of multimodality imaging","volume":"47","author":"Boubaker A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-005-0394-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0588-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271020383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2461062129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00347.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","unstructured":"SalmanK SharmaP KalbB VotawJR MartinD.Measurement precision of gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance nephro\u2010urography using rapid 3D imaging and a Multi\u2010compartment kinetic model. 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