{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:06:45Z","timestamp":1791061605946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the feasibility of using combined proton (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H), diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI), and sodium (<jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the treatment of uterine leiomyomata (fibroids).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight patients with uterine leiomyomata were enrolled and treated using MRI\u2010guided high\u2010intensity frequency ultrasound surgery (MRg\u2010HIFUS). MRI scans collected at baseline and posttreatment consisted of T2\u2010, T1\u2010, and <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H DWI, as well as posttreatment <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na MRI. The <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na and <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRi were coregistered using a replacement phantom method. Regions of interest in treated and untreated uterine leiomyoma tissue were drawn on <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRI and DWI, wherein the tissue apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) and absolute sodium concentrations were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regions of treated uterine tissue were clearly identified on both DWI and <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na images. The sodium concentrations in normal myometrium tissue were 35.8 \u00b1 2.1 mmol (mM), in the fundus; 43.4 \u00b1 3.8 mM, and in the bladder; 65.3 \u00b1 0.8 mM with ADC in normal myometrium of 2.2 \u00b1 0.3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec. Sodium concentration in untreated leiomyomata were 28 \u00b1 5 mM, and were significantly elevated (41.6 \u00b1 7.6 mM, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) after treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in the treated leiomyomata (1.30 \u00b1 0.38 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec) were decreased compared to areas of untreated leiomyomata (1.75 \u00b1 \u20104048\u03bc\u20104050\u03bc36 \u00d7 10\u2212<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiparametric imaging permits identification of uterine leiomyomata, revealing altered <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na MRI and DWI levels following noninvasive treatment that provides a mechanism to explore the molecular and metabolic pathways after treatment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:649\u2013656. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]],"date-time":"2010-07-09T16:39:15Z","timestamp":1278693555000},"page":"649-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Proton, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging, and sodium (<sup>23<\/sup>Na) MRI of uterine leiomyomata after MR\u2010guided high\u2010intensity focused ultrasound: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ouwerkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Bottomley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bluemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45789-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000150452.72787.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"483","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas. 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