{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1790870692488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe and evaluate a computer\u2010assisted method for assessing the quantity and distribution of adipose tissue in thigh by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty obese subjects were imaged on a Philips Achieva 1.5T scanner by a fast spin\u2010echo (FSE) sequence. A total of 636 images were acquired and analyzed by custom\u2010made software. Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and bone were identified by fuzzy clustering segmentation and an active contour algorithm. Muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were assessed by identifying the two peaks of the signal histogram with an expectation maximization algorithm. The whole analysis was performed in an unsupervised manner without the need of any user interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coefficient of variation (CV) was evaluated between the unsupervised algorithm and manual analysis performed by an expert operator. The CV was low for all measurements (SAT &lt;2%, muscle &lt;1%, IMAT &lt;5%). Limited manual correction of unsupervised segmentation results (less than 10% of contours modified) allowed us to further reduce the CV (SAT &lt;0.5%, muscle &lt;0.5%, IMAT &lt;2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed approach allowed effective computer\u2010assisted analysis of thigh MR images, dramatically reducing the user work compared to manual analysis. It allowed routine assessment of IMAT, a fat\u2010depot linked with metabolic abnormalities, important in monitoring the effect of nutrition and exercise. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:677\u2013684. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T14:48:17Z","timestamp":1280846897000},"page":"677-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Accurate segmentation of subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue from MR images of the thigh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Positano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Santarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Ringgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Landini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Gastaldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006054553408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/sum042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.4.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90397.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00304.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00168-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803216"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803671"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803696"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803409"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.661186"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster A","year":"1977","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","unstructured":"MachannJ BottcherM SpringerF et al.Quantification of fatty septa in skeletal muscle of the lower leg by T1\u2010weighted MRI and correlation to anthropometric and metabolic data. In: Proc 16th Scientific Meeting ISMRM;2008:2568."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-6-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1891-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.9.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.891486"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.668698"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.816956"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21448"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20624"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20252"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.21699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.21699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T19:14:13Z","timestamp":1740338053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.21699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.21699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21699","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]}}}