{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:14:22Z","timestamp":1790874862508,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate MRI biomarkers of muscle atrophy during cast immobilization of the lower leg.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eighteen patients (8 male, 10 female), who had one lower leg immobilized in a cast, underwent 3.0 Tesla (T) MR imaging 5, 8, 15, 29, and 43 days after casting. Measurements were made on both lower legs of total muscle volume. Cross\u2010sectional area (CSA), fractional water content, and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \n 2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n were measured in\n tibialis anterior<\/jats:italic>\n (\n TA<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n gastrocnemius medialis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n GM<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n lateralis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n GL<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n soleus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n SOL<\/jats:italic>\n ). Fiber pennation angle was measured in\n GM<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Total muscle volume decreased by 17% (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) over the 6 weeks of immobilization. The greatest loss in\n CSA<\/jats:italic>\n (mean[SD]) was seen in\n GM<\/jats:italic>\n (\u221223.3(8.7)%), followed by\n SOL<\/jats:italic>\n (\u221219.0(9.8)%),\n GL<\/jats:italic>\n (\u221217.1(6.5)%), and\n TA<\/jats:italic>\n (\u221210.7(5.9)%). Significant reductions of CSA were also detectable in the contra\u2010lateral leg.\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \n 2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n increased in all muscles:\n TA<\/jats:italic>\n 27.0(2.5) ms to 29.6(2.8) ms (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001),\n GM<\/jats:italic>\n 34.6(2.9) ms to 39.8(5.4) ms (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and\n SOL<\/jats:italic>\n 34.4 (2.9) ms to 44.9(5.9) ms (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Small reductions were found in fractional water content. Pennation angle decreased in the cast leg (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Quantitative MR imaging can detect and monitor progressive biochemical and biophysical changes in muscle during immobilization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:686\u2010695. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1320155722000},"page":"686-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["A longitudinal MRI study of muscle atrophy during lower leg immobilization following ankle fracture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Psatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona 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