{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:15:36Z","timestamp":1790432136521,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of hepatic combined hepatocellular\u2010cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC\u2010CC) in 11 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The database of the Department of Pathology was cross\u2010referenced with the MRI database to identify patients with confirmed cHCC\u2010CC who had undergone MRI. Eleven consecutive patients were included (seven female, mean age 57.6 years). All patients were Caucasian. Five of 11 had a clinical history of chronic liver disease. Two radiologists retrospectively analyzed the images in consensus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>cHCC\u2010CC was a single mass in 10\/11 patients. Margins were well\u2010defined in 6\/11. All tumors showed heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2. On postcontrast imaging, 6\/11 showed early ring\u2010enhancement (four noncirrhotic), with progressive enhancement in central portions, and 5\/11 patients showed a diffuse heterogeneous early enhancement. Three of these five were cirrhotic and displayed partial washout with portions of contrast retention on later phases. Other findings included: late capsule enhancement (two patients), biliary dilatation (one), venous invasion (three), lymphadenopathy (six), and findings of cirrhosis (five).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>cHCC\u2010CC presents most commonly as a single mass. Five of 11 had MR findings of cirrhosis. Clues to the diagnosis were moderately high signal on T2, portions of tumor that show progressive enhancement\/contrast retention, and frequent lack of capsule. Early enhancement patterns included early ring\u2010enhancement and diffuse heterogeneous enhancement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1139\u20131147. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T21:53:38Z","timestamp":1341957218000},"page":"1139-1147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Combined hepatocellular carcinoma\u2010cholangiocarcinoma: Report of MR appearance in eleven patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rafael O.P.","family":"de Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Semelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael 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