{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:51:43Z","timestamp":1781333503130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the repeatability of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) measurements using <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\u2010difference editing, before and after spectral realignment\u2014a technique which has previously been demonstrated to improve the quality of <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\u2010difference GABA spectra.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed in vivo measurements in three brain regions (occipital, sensorimotor, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]), and analyzed these using alternative alignment approaches to evaluate the impact of alignment on repeatability: \u201cIndependent alignment\u201d (aligning each subspectrum independently) and \u201cPairwise alignment\u201d (aligning each <jats:italic>on<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic> subspectrum as a pair) were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pairwise alignment improved the group mean coefficient of variation in all regions; 0.4% in occipital, 1.1% in sensorimotor, and 1.1% in DLPFC. Independent alignment resulted in subtraction artifacts in the majority of cases, and increased the coefficient of variation in the DLPFC by 9.4%. Simulations demonstrate that the GABA quantification error in datasets with high <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> drift, is 4.5% without alignment, but &lt;1% with optimal alignment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pairwise alignment improves the repeatability of GABA spectroscopy data. However, independently aligning all <jats:italic>on<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>off<\/jats:italic> subspectra can lead to artifacts and worse repeatability when compared with nonaligned data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:970\u2013975. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T22:03:22Z","timestamp":1354053802000},"page":"970-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Subtraction artifacts and frequency (Mis\u2010)alignment in <i>J<\/i>\u2010difference GABA editing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"C. John","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas A.J.","family":"Puts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u00e2n E.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Boy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"McGonigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petroc","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krish D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC School of Psychology Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.E.","family":"Edden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.11.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2559"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4489-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00346.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900728106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.12.5662"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199805)11:3<107::AID-NBM525>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21337"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940050408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2006.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<266::AID-NBM530>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200103)45:3<517::AID-MRM1068>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1993.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22865"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.01.1.p042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22520"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.01.014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.23923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.23923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T03:07:43Z","timestamp":1696475263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.23923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.23923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.23923","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]}}}