{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T09:48:40Z","timestamp":1764841720083},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a sodium\u2010MRI (<jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na\u2010MRI) method for bilateral renal sodium concentration (RSC) measurements in rat kidneys at 9.4 Tesla (T).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To simultaneously achieve high <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2010field homogeneity and high receive sensitivity a dual resonator system composed of a double\u2010tuned linearly polarized <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\/<jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na volume resonator and a newly developed two\u2010element <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na receive array was used. In conjunction with three\u2010dimensional (3D) ultra\u2010short Time\u2010to\u2010Echo sequence a quantification accuracy of \u00b1 10% was achieved for a nominal spatial resolution of (1 \u00d7 1 \u00d7 4) mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in 10 min acquisition time. The technique was applied to study the RSC in six kidneys before and after furosemide\u2010induced diuresis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The loop diuretic agent induced an increase of cortical RSC by 22% from 86 \u00b1 16 mM to 105 \u00b1 18 mM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), whereas the RSC in the inner medulla decreased by 38% from 213 \u00b1 24 mM to 132 \u00b1 25 mM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.8\u00d710<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). The RSC changes measured in this study agreed well with the qualitative sodium signal intensity variations reported elsewhere.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Furosemide\u2010induced diuresis has been investigated accurately with herein presented quantitative <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>Na\u2010MRI technique. In the future, RSC quantification could allow for defining pathological and nonpathological RSC ranges to assess sodium concentration changes, e.g., induced by drugs. <jats:bold>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:564\u2013572. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T21:14:59Z","timestamp":1360185299000},"page":"564-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bilateral kidney sodium\u2010MRI: Enabling accurate quantification of renal sodium concentration through a two\u2010element phased array system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Raffi","family":"Kalayciyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Wetterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Faculty for Engineering Mathematics and Science, Trinity College, Dublin University Republic 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