{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:08:21Z","timestamp":1788998901983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate differences in the disruption of language network function, as measured by blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent (BOLD) contrast functional MRI (fMRI), attributable to two common sedative agents administered to infants under clinical imaging protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sedatives pentobarbital (Nembutal) and Propofol, administered clinically to infants at 1 year of age, were compared with respect to BOLD activation profiles in response to passive story\u2010listening stimulation. An intermittent event\u2010related imaging protocol was used with which the temporal evolution of language processing resulting from this stimulation was explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propofol and Nembutal were found to have distinct and complementary responses to story\u2010listening. Propofol exhibited more activation in higher processing networks with increasing response toward the end of narrative stimulus. Nembutal, in contrast, had much more robust activation of primary and secondary sensory cortices but a decreasing response over time in fronto\u2010parietal default\u2010mode regions. This may suggest a breakdown of top\u2010down feedback for Propofol versus the lack of bottom\u2010up feed\u2010forward processing for Nembutal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two popular sedative agents for use in children for clinical fMRI were found to induce distinct alteration of activation patterns from a language stimulus. This has ramifications for clinical fMRI of sedated infants and encourages further study to build a framework for more confident interpretation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1184\u20131195. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T15:37:29Z","timestamp":1364053049000},"page":"1184-1195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["BOLD fMRI in infants under sedation: Comparing the impact of pentobarbital and propofol on auditory and language activation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Di Francesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"Karunanayaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research) The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine The Milton S. 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