{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:38:22Z","timestamp":1789349902873,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relation between circadian saliva melatonin levels and pineal volume as determined by MRI. Plasma melatonin levels follow a circadian rhythm with a high interindividual variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 103 healthy individuals saliva melatonin levels were determined at four time points within 24 h and MRI was performed once (3.0 Tesla, including three\u2010dimensional T2 turbo spin echo [3D\u2010T2\u2010TSE], susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging [SWI]). Pineal volume as well as cyst volume were assessed from multiplanar reconstructed 3D\u2010T2\u2010TSE images. Pineal calcification volume tissue was determined on SWI. To correct for hormonal inactive pineal tissue, cystic and calcified areas were excluded. Sleep quality was assessed with the Landeck Inventory for sleep quality disturbance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solid and uncalcified pineal volume correlated to melatonin maximum (r\u2009=\u20090.28; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and area under the curve (r\u2009=\u20090.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Of interest, solid and uncalcified pineal volume correlated negatively with the sleep rhythm disturbances subscore (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.17; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) despite a very homogenous population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uncalcified solid pineal tissue measured by 3D\u2010T2\u2010TSE and SWI is related to human saliva melatonin levels. The analysis of the sleep quality and pineal volume suggests a linkage between better sleep quality and hormonal active pineal tissue. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:966\u2013971. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T15:42:42Z","timestamp":1383925362000},"page":"966-971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Morphology and function: MR pineal volume and melatonin level in human saliva are correlated"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Luisa\u2010Sophie","family":"Liebrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schredl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Findeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry edical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Groden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Malte","family":"Bumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo S.","family":"N\u00f6lte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2009.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2005.01333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90720-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Development of the pineal gland: measurement with MR","volume":"17","author":"Sumida M","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00069-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Das Landecker Inventar f\u00fcr Schlafst\u00f6rungen (III\u20102.3.2). 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