{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:16:59Z","timestamp":1792761419398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the impact of aortic valve morphology on aortic hemodynamics between normal tricuspid and congenitally anomalous aortic valves ranging from unicuspid to quadricuspid morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aortic three\u2010dimensional (3D) blood flow was evaluated by 4D flow MRI in 14 healthy volunteers with normal trileaflet valves and 14 patients with unicuspid (n\u2009=\u20093), bicuspid (n\u2009=\u20099, 3 \u201ctrue\u201d bicuspid, 3 right\u2013left (RL), 3 right\u2010noncoronary (RN) leaflet fusion, and quadricuspid aortic valves (n\u2009=\u20092). Data analysis included the co\u2010registered visualization of aortic valve morphology with systolic 3D blood flow. The influence of valve morphology on aortic hemodynamics was quantified by valve flow angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All RL\u2010bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) were associated with flow jets directed toward the right anterior aortic wall while RN\u2010fusion and unicuspid valves resulted in flow jet patterns toward the right\u2010posterior or posterior wall. Flow angles were clearly influenced by valve morphology (47\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200910, 28\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092, 29\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200918, 18\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200912, 15\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092 for unicuspid, true BAV, RN\u2010BAV, RL\u2010BAV, quadricuspid valves) and increased compared with controls (7.2\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered 3D aortic hemodynamics are impacted by the morphology of congenitally malformed aortic valves.<jats:bold>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1342\u20131346<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T22:09:22Z","timestamp":1385071762000},"page":"1342-1346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["From unicuspid to quadricuspid: Influence of aortic valve morphology on aortic three\u2010dimensional hemodynamics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Pegah","family":"Entezari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riti","family":"Mahadevia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Malaisrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla","family":"Mendelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and Radiology Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Markl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.83.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91446-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"674","article-title":"Incidence and echocardiographic features of congenital unicuspid aortic valve in an adult population","volume":"12","author":"Novaro GM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.973370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2011.01356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.132092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.09.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"BockJ KreherBW HennigJ MarklM.Optimized pre\u2010processing of time\u2010resolved 2D and 3D phase contrast MRI data. 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