{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:42:13Z","timestamp":1790102533264,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,8]],"date-time":"2014-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether it is feasible to use solely an accelerated 4D phase\u2010contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D\u2010PC MRI) acquisition to quantify net and regurgitant flow volume through each of the cardiac valves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accelerated, 4D\u2010PC MRI examinations performed between March 2010 through June 2011 as part of routine MRI examinations for congenital, structural heart disease were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using valve\u2010tracking visualization and quantification algorithms developed in Java and OpenGL. Excluding patients with transposition or single ventricle physiology, a total of 34 consecutive pediatric patients (19 male, 15 female; mean age 6.9 years; age range 10 months to 15 years) were identified. 4D\u2010PC flow measurements were compared at each valve and against routine measurements from conventional cardiac MRI using Bland\u2013Altman and Pearson correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inlet and outlet valve net flow were highly correlated between all valves (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.940\u20130.985). The sum of forward flow at the outlet valve and regurgitant flow at the inlet valve were consistent with volumetric displacements in each ventricle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.939\u20130.948). These were also highly consistent with conventional planar MRI measurements with net flow (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.923\u20130.935) and regurgitant fractions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.917\u20130.972) at the outlet valve and ventricular volumes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.925\u20130.965).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is possible to obtain consistent measurements of net and regurgitant blood flow across the inlet and outlet valves relying solely on accelerated 4D\u2010PC. This may facilitate more efficient clinical quantification of valvular regurgitation. <jats:bold>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:376\u2013385.<\/jats:bold>\u00a9 <jats:bold>2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,8]],"date-time":"2014-02-08T13:19:16Z","timestamp":1391865556000},"page":"376-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Inlet and outlet valve flow and regurgitant volume may be directly and reliably quantified with accelerated, volumetric phase\u2010contrast MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umar","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus T.","family":"Alley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyas S.","family":"Vasanawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-13-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.021","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients 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