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Freshly excised ALS tissue was imaged at 3.0 Tesla with T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping protocols and subsequently stained with astrocyte, myelin, and neuronal markers. Measures of ALS histological stains were compared with the internal control (primary visual cortex) and longitudinal parametric maps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010mortem T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images demonstrate diminished contrast between gray and white matter and alterations in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation within the primary motor cortex. An increase in astrocyte number and reactivity as well as evident neuronal loss, a decrease in axonal density, and unraveling of the myelin sheaths in subcortical white matter were found in the ALS primary motor cortex exhibiting significant T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation and contrast changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides a histopathological basis for differences in MR T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast and relaxation seen in the ALS brain. <jats:bold>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:665\u2013675.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T08:02:39Z","timestamp":1393401759000},"page":"665-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Histological\u2013MRI correlation in the primary motor cortex of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Meadowcroft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The Pennsylvania State University \u2013 College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research) The Pennsylvania State University \u2013 College of Medicine, Milton S. 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