{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:16:11Z","timestamp":1791998171800,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the use of a newly designed machine learning\u2010based classifier in the automatic identification of myelopathic levels in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 58 normal volunteers and 16 subjects with CSM were recruited for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition. The eigenvalues were extracted as the selected features from DTI images. Three classifiers, naive Bayesian, support vector machine, and support tensor machine, and fractional anisotropy (FA) were employed to identify myelopathic levels. The results were compared with clinical level diagnosis results and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the performance of the developed classifiers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The accuracy by support tensor machine was the highest (93.62%) among the three classifiers. The support tensor machine also showed excellent capacity to identify true positives (sensitivity: 84.62%) and true negatives (specificity: 97.06%). The accuracy by FA value was the lowest (76%) in all the methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The classifiers\u2010based method using eigenvalues had a better performance in identifying the levels of CSM than the diagnosis using FA values. The support tensor machine was the best among three classifiers. <jats:bold>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1682\u20131688<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T09:14:45Z","timestamp":1405070085000},"page":"1682-1688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prediction of myelopathic level in cervical spondylotic myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Shu\u2010Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao\u2010Long","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Xiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith D.K.","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31760-0","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"23","author":"Montgomery D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical syndrome and natural history. Orthop Clin N Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000219475.21126.6b"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215383.64386.82","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis","volume":"60","author":"Baron EM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.26si065510"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2291020658"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"1587","article-title":"MR diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking in spinal cord compression","volume":"26","author":"Facon D","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826f25a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0463-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.10.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21064"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007413511361","article-title":"On the optimality of the simple Bayesian classifier under zero\u2010one loss","volume":"29","author":"DP Michael","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","volume-title":"Support vector machines","author":"Steinwart I","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478083","article-title":"Cross\u2010Validation of Regression Models","volume":"79","author":"R Picard","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"StoneM. Asymptotics for and against cross\u2010validation1977;64:29\u201335.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/64.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1927-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f822c7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.24709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.24709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T23:40:43Z","timestamp":1696462843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.24709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.24709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.24709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]}}}