{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:24:48Z","timestamp":1792290288362,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) using glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety lumbar intervertebral discs of nine patients with SpA and nine age\u2010matched healthy controls (eight patients with ankylosing spondylitis; one patient with spondylitis related to inflammatory bowel disease; mean age: 44.1\u2009\u00b1\u200914.0 years; range: 27\u201372 years) were examined with a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner in this prospective study. The MRI protocol included standard morphological, sagittal <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>w) images to assess Pfirrmann score of the five lumbar IVDs (L1 to S1) and biochemical imaging with gagCEST to calculate a region of interest analysis of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). Prior to statistical testing of gagCEST effects (MTR<jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub> values in percent) in patients and controls, IVDs were classified according to the Pfirrmann score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly lower gagCEST values of NP and AF were found in SpA patients compared with healthy volunteers (NP: 1.41%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.600%\u20132.226%]; AF: 1.19%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; CI [0.560%\u20131.822%]) by comparing the differences of the means. Pooled nondegenerative IVDs (Pfirrmann 1 and 2) had significantly lower gagCEST effects in patients suffering from SpA compared with healthy controls in NP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; CI [1.176%\u20132.337%]) and AF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; CI [0.858%\u20131.779%]). No significant difference of MTR<jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub> values was found in degenerative IVDs between patients and controls in NP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.204; CI [\u20130.504%\u20132.170%]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>GagCEST analysis of morphologically nondegenerative IVDs (Pfirrmann score 1 and 2) in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>w images demonstrated significantly lower GAG values in patients with spondyloarthritis in NP and AF, possibly representing a depletion of GAG in spondyloarthritis in the absence of morphologic degeneration.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1057\u20131063.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T06:58:42Z","timestamp":1426057122000},"page":"1057-1063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer of lumbar intervertebral discs in patients with spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schleich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"M\u00fcller\u2010Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Matuschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Sewerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univiversity Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Rheumatology Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Sengewein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univiversity Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Rheumatology Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Ltd. 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