{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:04:03Z","timestamp":1769879043078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and MR\u2010derived tumor volume (Vt) as associative factors for extra\u2010prostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer (PCa).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>With institutional review board approval, 73 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCa at trans\u2010rectal ultrasound biopsy underwent preoperative multi\u2010parametric (T2W+DWI+DCE) 3 Tesla MRI before radical prostatectomy between 2012 and 2014; 52% (38\/73) patients had EPE. Clinical parameters including: age, prostate serum antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and percentage positive cores (PPC) were recorded. Two blinded radiologists subjectively evaluated for EPE using PI\u2010RADS with T2W\u2010MRI. A third blinded radiologist recorded: mean ADC (mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) of tumor and tumor volume on ADC and T2W (derived from planar volumetry). Vt<jats:sub>MAX<\/jats:sub> (the largest volume on ADC or T2W) was documented. Multivariate and receiver operator characteristic analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant differences in age, DRE, or Gleason score between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.52, 0.06, 0.61, 0.36). PSA approached significance being higher with EPE (12.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.6 versus 8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). PPC was higher with EPE (60.9\u2009\u00b1\u200921.9% versus 38.3\u2009\u00b1\u200921.6%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 and sensitivity\/specificity\u2009=\u200975.7\/75% when PPC\u2009\u2265\u200945%. AUC for T2W\u2010MRI was 0.46\u20130.51 with sensitivity\/specificity\u2009=\u200940.0\u201342.9\/48.6\u201357.1% (R1, R2). Inter\u2010observer agreement was fair, k\u2009=\u20090.39. There was no difference in mean ADC between groups (0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 versus 0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19 [EPE] mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70. T2W\u2010Vt, ADC\u2010Vt, and Vt<jats:sub>MAX<\/jats:sub> were larger with EPE (5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4, 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5, 6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> versus 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8, 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3, 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01. Vt<jats:sub>MAX<\/jats:sub> AUC was 0.77 with sensitivity\/specificity\u2009=\u200978.4\/73.5% when Vt<jats:sub>MAX<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20092.1\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> which outperformed all other parameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) except PPC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.6) for the diagnosis EPE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR volumetry and percentage of positive core biopsies are associated with EPE; whereas, in this study, other clinical and MR parameters including mean ADC and subjective T2W\u2010MR analysis were not useful for assessment of EPE. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:726\u2013736.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T05:57:37Z","timestamp":1440482257000},"page":"726-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient and MR volumetry as independent associative factors for extra\u2010prostatic extension (EPE) in prostatic carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Anatomical Pathology Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheed W.","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Anatomical Pathology Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael M.","family":"Shabana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Quon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El\u2010Khodary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Thornhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soufiane","family":"El Hallani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Anatomical Pathology Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Schieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Civic Campus C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"2012 Network NCC Fort Washington PA National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology (EAU). 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