{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:53:39Z","timestamp":1782320019758,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bidirectional motion in Chiari malformation type I (CMI), we monitored CSF velocity amplitudes on phase contrast MRI (PC\u2010MRI) in patients before and after surgery; and in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>10 pediatric volunteers and 10 CMI patients participated in this study. CMI patients underwent PC\u2010MRI scans before and approximately 14 months following surgery. Two parameters\u2014amplitude of mean velocity (AMV) and amplitude of peak velocity (APV) of CSF\u2014were derived from the data. Measurements were made at the mid\u2010portion of the cerebral aqueduct, and anterior and posterior compartments of the spinal canal at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AMV and APV within the cerebral aqueduct were greater in preoperative assessments of the CMI patients compared to normal volunteers. Statistical significance was noted when comparing aqueductal AMV between the preoperative values and normal controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), and before and after surgery in the CMI patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Lower values of AMV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) were noted in the anterior CVJ compartment in the patients before and after surgery when compared to the normal volunteers. There were no significant correlations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06) noted for the APV at the CVJ between the normal control and patients, before or after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In pediatric CMI patients, AMV for CSF within the cerebral aqueduct and anterior CVJ subarachnoid space are significantly elevated preoperatively and normalize following surgery. Given the biphasic CSF motion, measuring amplitude accounts for cranial and caudal flow. It may offer an alternative parameter to assess postsurgical outcome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:463\u2013470.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T15:41:56Z","timestamp":1453304516000},"page":"463-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid velocity amplitudes within the cerebral aqueduct in healthy children and patients with Chiari I malformation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J. Rajiv","family":"Bapuraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Londy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Delavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormac O.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh J.L.","family":"Garton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryn A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conquer Chiari Research Center University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M.","family":"Muraszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u2010Sayed H.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.1.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164111X12962202723805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"795","article-title":"Significance of cerebellar tonsillar position on MR","volume":"7","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.183.3.1584927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.5.JNS121825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2000.8.3.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.PEDS10379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.2.0291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200702010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1958-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31823200a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.11.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"ChenM\u2010Y HuangT\u2010Y ChenC\u2010Y ChungH\u2010W.The significance of net CSF flow at the cerebral aqueduct: a cine phase\u2010contrast study (poster #1678). 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