{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:32:21Z","timestamp":1761863541942},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined breathing maneuver of hyperventilation, followed by a long voluntary breathhold leads to coronary vasodilation. We investigated the impact of breathing maneuvers on MR first\u2010pass cardiac perfusion imaging and its potential clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 24 healthy volunteers (37 \u00b1 12 years; 62.5% men) on a clinical 3 Tesla MRI system and performed first\u2010pass perfusion MR at rest, during a short breathhold (S\u2010HVBH) following 60 s of hyperventilation, and at the end of a long breathhold (L\u2010HVBH) following the hyperventilation, performed in random order. A blinded reader analyzed signal intensity upslope, upslope index, and time between 20 and 80% of maximal signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All volunteers tolerated the breathing maneuvers well and completed the study protocol. The upslope of the signal\u2010intensity\u2010over\u2010time curve was increased during S\u2010HVBH (1.86 \u00b1 0.70 units\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and at the end of L\u2010LVBH (1.77 \u00b1 0.82 units\/s), when compared with baseline results (1.34 \u00b1 0.58 units\/s). Corrected for the arterial input, the upslope was higher at the end of the L\u2010HVBH (0.095 \u00b1 0.019 units\/s versus 0.077 \u00b1 0.016 units\/s at rest, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) as was the myocardial perfusion reserve index (1.25 \u00b1 0.22 versus 1.09 \u00b1 0.17; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In a multiple regression model, only gender, rate\u2010pressure product, and breathhold time were independently and significantly related to the upslope (R = 0.771; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, a voluntary long breathhold after hyperventilation leads to an increase of the myocardial perfusion reserve index. This may impact findings from current practice of first\u2010pass perfusion imaging. The clinical utility of breathing maneuvers as a vasodilatory stimulus for first\u2010pass perfusion imaging may warrant further research.  J. MAGN. RESON. 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