{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:48:04Z","timestamp":1791640084176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB002524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB002524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AR062068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR062068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate positron emission tomography \/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET\/MRI) knee imaging to detect and characterize osseous metabolic abnormalities and correlate PET radiotracer uptake with osseous abnormalities and cartilage degeneration observed on MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both knees of 22 subjects with knee pain or injury were scanned at one timepoint, without gadolinium, on a hybrid 3.0T PET\u2010MRI system following injection of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010fluoride or\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). A musculoskeletal radiologist identified volumes of interest (VOIs) around bone abnormalities on MR images and scored bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and osteophytes using a MOAKS scoring system. Cartilage appearance adjacent to bone abnormalities was graded with MRI\u2010modified Outerbridge classifications. On PET standardized uptake values (SUV) maps, VOIs with SUV greater than 5 times the SUV in normal\u2010appearing bone were identified as high\u2010uptake VOI (VOI\n                      <jats:sub>High<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Differences in\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010fluoride uptake between bone abnormalities, BML, and osteophyte grades and adjacent cartilage grades on MRI were identified using Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      in all subchondral bone lesions (BML, osteophytes, sclerosis) was significantly higher than that of normal\u2010appearing bone on MRI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 for all). Of the 172 high\u2010uptake regions on\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010fluoride PET, 63 (37%) corresponded to normal\u2010appearing subchondral bone on MRI. Furthermore, many small grade 1 osteophytes (40 of 82 [49%]), often described as the earliest signs of osteoarthritis (OA), did not show high uptake. Lastly, PET SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      in subchondral bone adjacent to grade 0 cartilage was significantly lower compared to that of grades 1\u20132 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and grades 3\u20134 cartilage (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PET\/MRI can simultaneously assess multiple early metabolic and morphologic markers of knee OA across multiple tissues in the joint. Our findings suggest that PET\/MR may detect metabolic abnormalities in subchondral bone, which appear normal on MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>\n                      : 2\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>\n                      : Stage 1\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1736\u20131745<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T02:29:49Z","timestamp":1477880989000},"page":"1736-1745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["PET\/MRI of metabolic activity in osteoarthritis: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Feliks","family":"Kogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey P.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"McWalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin H. 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