{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1774264793417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"2013 Philips Healthcare\/RSNA Research Seed Grant","award":["RSD1312 (awarded to E.M.H.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSD1312 (awarded to E.M.H.)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the relationship between diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)\u2010derived quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], perfusion fraction [f], D<jats:sub>slow<\/jats:sub>, diffusion coefficient [D], and D<jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>, pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*]) and histopathology in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with suspected surgically resectable PAC were prospectively enrolled in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)\u2010compliant, Institutional Review Board\u2010approved study. Imaging was performed at 1.5T with a respiratory\u2010triggered echo planar DWI sequence using 10 b values. Two readers drew regions of interest (ROIs) over the tumor and adjacent nontumoral tissue. Monoexponential and biexponential fits were used to derive ADC<jats:sub>2b<\/jats:sub>, ADC<jats:sub>all<\/jats:sub>, f, D, and D*, which were compared to quantitative histopathology of fibrosis, mean vascular density, and cellularity. Two biexponential IVIM models were investigated and compared: 1) nonlinear least\u2010square fitting based on the Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm, and 2) linear fit using a fixed D* (20\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s). Statistical analysis included Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Pearson correlation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 was considered significant), intraclass correlation, and coefficients of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty subjects with PAC were included in the final cohort. Negative correlation between D and fibrosis (Reader 2: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u20130.57 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01; pooled <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u20130.46, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) was observed with a trend toward positive correlation between f and fibrosis (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). ADC<jats:sub>2b<\/jats:sub> was significantly lower in PAC with dense fibrosis than with loose fibrosis ADC<jats:sub>2b<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Inter\u2010 and intrareader agreement was excellent for ADC, D, and f.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In PAC, D negatively correlates with fibrosis, with a trend toward positive correlation with f suggesting both perfusion and diffusion effects contribute to stromal desmoplasia. ADC<jats:sub>2b<\/jats:sub> is significantly lower in tumors with dense fibrosis and may serve as a biomarker of fibrosis architecture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>: Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:393\u2013402<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T15:50:57Z","timestamp":1486050657000},"page":"393-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Can diffusion\u2010weighted imaging serve as a biomarker of fibrosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Hecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Z.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Jambawalikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Remotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart W.","family":"Weisberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Garmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lopez\u2010Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Heath, Department of Biostatistics New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanghee","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Hope, Department of Surgery Duarte California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Surgery New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Chabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2010Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Surgery New York New York 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