{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:39:48Z","timestamp":1766983188072},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81301522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81301522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the feasibility of axial <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0002\" \/>, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 mapping of lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage for evaluation of early degeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined a total of 176 LFJs from 21 volunteers using axial <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0003\" \/>, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 mapping with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. All LFJs were measured and grouped according to the presence of low back pain (LBP), the Weishaupt grading system, and the Pfirrmann grade of the adjacent intervertebral disk (IVD). <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0004\" \/>, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 values were analyzed and compared among the different groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low interobserver agreement was found in the Weishaupt grading of LFJs (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.161). The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 values of LFJs were significantly different between adjacent two Pfirrmann grade of disks (grade I 50.15\u2009\u00b1\u20093.63 msec \/ grade II 53.27\u2009\u00b1\u20093.80 msec, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002; grade II 53.27\u2009\u00b1\u20093.80 msec \/ grade III 58.40\u2009\u00b1\u20094.17 msec, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and in different Weishaupt grades of LFJs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.000). \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0005\" \/> values were only found significantly different between Pfirrmann grade I and III of disks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). There was no significant difference in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values of LFJs whatever in Pfirrmann (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.556) or Weishaupt grades (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.694). No significant difference was found in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0006.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0006\" \/>, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 values between volunteers with LBP and without LBP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.783, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25596-math-0007.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25596:jmri25596-math-0007\" \/>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.259).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Axial <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u03c1 could be an effective and sensitive method to assess for early degenerative changes in LFJ cartilage.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>: Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:468\u2013475<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T16:12:12Z","timestamp":1486051932000},"page":"468-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Feasibility study for evaluating early lumbar facet joint degeneration using axial <i>T<\/i><sub>1<\/sub>\u03c1, <i>T<\/i><sub>2<\/sub>, and  mapping in cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyue","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianjing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90115-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-008-9039-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2003\/6\/399","article-title":"Chronic low back pain of facet (zygapophysial) joint origin: is there a difference based on involvement of single or multiple spinal regions?","volume":"6","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2002\/5\/365","article-title":"Is there correlation of facet joint pain in lumbar and cervical spine?. 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