{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:47:37Z","timestamp":1773146857752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess small bowel abnormalities on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in adult patients with nonresponsive celiac disease (CD) and investigate their associations with endoscopic, histopathologic, serologic, and genetic features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study was carried out between September 2012 and August 2013. After approval by the Ethics Committee of our institution, informed consent was acquired from all participants. Forty consecutive patients with nonresponsive CD, aged 17\u201376 years, underwent MRE using a 1.5T unit. Sequences included <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010HASTE, True\u2010FISP, pre\u2010 and postcontrast VIBE to assess the quantitative (number of ileal and jejunal folds) and qualitative (fold pattern abnormalities, mural thickening, increased enhancement, bowel dilatation, or intussusception) measures. Endoscopic manifestations were categorized as normal\/mild vs. severe. Histopathological results were divided into mild and severe. Genotyping of HLA\u2010DQ2 and DQ8 was performed. Serum levels of tissue\u2010transglutaminase, endomysial, and gliadin antibodies were also determined. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine (72.5%) cases showed abnormal MRE. Reversed jejunoileal fold pattern had significant association with severe endoscopic (odds ratio [OR] = 8.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73\u201340.5) and pathologic features (OR = 7.36, 95% CI 1.33\u201340.54). An increased number of ileal folds\/inch was significantly associated with severe MARSH score and positive HLA\u2010DQ8. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026, respectively). Ileal fold number had the highest areas under the curve for prediction of severe endoscopic (AUC: 0.75, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) and pathologic (AUC: 0.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) findings and positive anti\u2010transglutaminase antibody (AUC: 0.85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fold pattern reversal on MRE is highly associated with endoscopic and pathologic features of refractory celiac disease (RCD). Increased ileal folds showed higher correlation with endoscopic\u2010pathologic features, HLA\u2010DQ8, and anti\u2010transglutaminase level. MRE might be more sensitive for detection of increased ileal folds in CD rather than reduction of duodenal and jejunal folds due to better distension of ileal loops.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 3<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1096\u20131106.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T15:52:49Z","timestamp":1486655569000},"page":"1096-1106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MR enterography in nonresponsive adult celiac disease: Correlation with endoscopic, pathologic, serologic, and genetic features"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Radmard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Pejman","family":"Hashemi Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Salehian 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