{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:41:09Z","timestamp":1775266869501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB015898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB015898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41RR019703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41RR019703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify breast MR imaging biomarkers to predict histologic grade and receptor status of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Informed consent was waived in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\u2010compliant Institutional Review Board\u2010approved study. Case inclusion was conducted from 7332 consecutive breast MR studies from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2012. Excluding studies with benign diagnoses, studies without visible abnormal enhancement, and pathology containing invasive disease yielded 55 MR\u2010imaged pathology\u2010proven DCIS seen on 54 studies. Twenty\u2010eight studies (52%) were performed at 1.5 Tesla (T); 26 (48%) at 3T. Regions\u2010of\u2010interest representing DCIS were segmented for precontrast, first and fourth postcontrast, and subtracted first and fourth postcontrast images on the open\u2010source three\u2010dimensional (3D) Slicer software. Fifty\u2010seven metrics of each DCIS were obtained, including distribution statistics, shape, morphology, Renyi dimensions, geometrical measure, and texture, using the 3D Slicer HeterogeneityCAD module. Statistical correlation of heterogeneity metrics with DCIS grade and receptor status was performed using univariate Mann\u2010Whitney test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four of the 55 DCIS (44%) were high nuclear grade (HNG); 44 (80%) were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Human epidermal growth factor receptor\u20102 (HER2) was amplified in 10\/55 (18%), nonamplified in 34\/55 (62%), unknown\/equivocal in 8\/55 (15%). Surface area\u2010to\u2010volume ratio showed significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between HNG and non\u2010HNG DCIS. No metric differentiated ER status (0.113\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20091.000). Seventeen metrics showed significant differences between HER2\u2010positive and HER2\u2010negative DCIS (0.016\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.050).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative heterogeneity analysis of DCIS suggests the presence of MR imaging biomarkers in classifying DCIS grade and HER2 status. Validation with larger samples and prospective studies is needed to translate these results into clinical applications.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 3<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1748\u20131759.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T07:41:55Z","timestamp":1491378115000},"page":"1748-1759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Computer\u2010aided heterogeneity analysis in breast MR imaging assessment of ductal carcinoma in situ: Correlating histologic grade and receptor status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shinn\u2010Huey S.","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva C.","family":"Gombos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sona A.","family":"Chikarmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Giess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagadeesan","family":"Jayender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1798","article-title":"The Consensus Conference Committee","volume":"80","author":"Consensus Conference on the classification of ductal carcinoma in situ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.0876"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2442060461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423051965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgq030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61232-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.5.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4766268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.34.2.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4921123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/50743919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1563-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"152110","article-title":"MR imaging radiomics signatures for predicting the risk of breast cancer recurrence as given by research versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays","author":"Li H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"ACR BI\u2010RADS\u00ae Atlas, Breast imaging reporting and data system","author":"Morris EA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"NarayanV JaynderJ.HeterogeneityCAD module in 3D Slicer. 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