{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:47:35Z","timestamp":1783687655615,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are associated with pNETs (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) grade based on the WHO classification, as well as identify MRI features related to disease progression after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this Institutional Review Board (IRB)\u2010approved study, 1.5T and 3.0T MRI scans of 80 patients with surgically verified pNETs were assessed. The images were evaluated for tumor location; size; pattern; predominant signal intensity on precontrast <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images, as well as on postcontrast arterial and portal venous phase <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted sequences; presence of pancreatic duct dilatation; pancreatic atrophy; restricted diffusion; vascular involvement by the tumor; extrapancreatic tumor spread; and synchronous liver metastases. Tumors were graded based on the WHO classification and patients were followed\u2010up with computed tomography (CT) or MRI after surgical resection. Data were analyzed with Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> and chi\u2010square tests, logistic regression, and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MRI features that were associated with aggressive tumors were: size &gt;2.0 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), \u201c<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nonbright lesions\u201d on <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images (OR = 4.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008), presence of pancreatic ductal dilatation (OR = 4.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), and restricted diffusion within the lesion (OR = 4.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.013). Differences in progression\u2010free survival distribution were found for patients whose pNETs were associated with the following MRI features: size &gt;2.0 cm (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1) = 6.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), \u201cnonbright lesions\u201d on <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1) = 6.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009), and presence of pancreatic duct dilatation (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1) = 10.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI features can be used to assess pNETs aggressiveness and identify patients at risk for early disease progression after surgical resection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 3<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:425\u2013432.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T06:15:16Z","timestamp":1494224116000},"page":"425-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Correlations between MRI features, tumor biology, and clinical outcome after surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Canellas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreejita","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ferrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushyant","family":"Sahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.142.4.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2014.09.005","article-title":"WHO 2010 classification of pancreatic endocrine tumors. is the new always better than the old?","volume":"14","author":"Ricci C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-1115-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7902"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1693-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318163a329"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(200002)11:2<141::AID-JMRI10>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185113494982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2929-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-015-0524-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2303-9027.123011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443613"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Results following surgical resection for malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. 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