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Patients were divided into two groups based on PR fraction: one lower PR fraction group (\u226411%) and one higher PR fraction group (&gt;11%). Field strength\/sequences: 3D cine phase contrast (4D flow), 2D cine phase contrast (2D flow), and balanced steady\u2010state free precession (bSSFP) at 1.5T. Assessment: The RV volume was segmented in the morphologic short\u2010axis images and TKE parameters were computed inside the segmented RV volume throughout diastole. Statistical tests: One\u2010way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post\u2010hoc test; unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test; Pearson correlation coefficients; simple and stepwise multiple regression models; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The higher PR fraction group had more remodeled RVs (140\u2009\u00b1\u200925 vs. 107\u2009\u00b1\u200922 [lower PR fraction, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01] and 93\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009ml\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> [healthy, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] for RV end\u2010diastolic volume index [RVEDVI]) and higher TKE values (5.95\u2009\u00b1\u20093.15 vs. 2.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81 [lower PR fraction, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01] and 1.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.78 mJ [healthy, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] for Peak Total RV TKE). Multiple regression analysis between RVEDVI and 4D\/2D flow parameters showed that Peak Total RV TKE was the strongest predictor of RVEDVI (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 4D flow\u2010specific TKE markers showed a slightly stronger association with RV remodeling than conventional 2D flow PR parameters. These results suggest novel hemodynamic aspects of PR in the development of late complications after ToF repair.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1043\u20131053.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T09:37:22Z","timestamp":1501666642000},"page":"1043-1053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Turbulent kinetic energy in the right ventricle: Potential MR marker for risk stratification of adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Fredriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Trzebiatowska\u2010Krzynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Dyverfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Engvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tino","family":"Ebbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl\u2010Johan","family":"Carlh\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60657-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.optechstcvs.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.077438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Indications and timing of pulmonary valve replacement after tetralogy of Fallot repair. 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